The car once was a symbol of freedom. Auto makers still want us to believe in that dream. In reality we are addicted to systems that have locked us out completely: we do not even know how to change a tyre anymore.

And yet, the majority of the world lives in a Do-It-Yourself environment. Artist Melle Smets and sociologist Joost van Onna travelled to Suame Magazine (Ghana) to learn how an informal economy works. They collaborated with some of the ca 200,000 artisans and 12,000 workshops there to build a truly African car in only 12 weeks. The design grew out of analysis of the local circumstances, as well as the accessible infrastructure. The concept was based on flexibility: the car was constructed with parts from different brands that happened to be available.

Turtle 1 became the first Ghanaian car to be exported to the West. It toured motor shows, where it flanked the fully electric Tesla S. Early 2015 Turtle 1 returned home. Yet, expectations turned out to have diversified: whereas the initiators opted for a low-tech small Turtle 2 production line, the Ghanaian partners started negotiating for a large robotised manufacturing plant. We never stop to learn from one another…

Authors

Melle SmetsMelle Smets (1975) is active as a researcher, artist and critic, and is specialized in issues related to public space. Smets visualizes traces from the past and present to explore the relationship between man and his environment. He works as a consultant, lecturer and speaker at universities in the Netherlands. His aim is to create a broad public awareness to reflect on the contemporary landscape. After finishing a study Art and Public Space (OK 5) at the art academy in Arnhem in 1999, he co-founded the artists collective GANG. The group organized city dwelling tours, exhibitions for airports, harbours and highways. In 2005 he moved to Rotterdam where he set up shop. He founded a Dutch Highway museum, wrote a book about his experiences living in a car for 30 days and participated in a number of landart projects.

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Joost van OnnaJoost van Onna (b. 1976) studied social psychology and criminology. He is currently working on his PhD thesis (at the VU University of Amsterdam) about factors contributing to (non-)compliance to laws. Through his work, thesis and his long-term stay in South America, he is fascinated by the functioning and strength of informal self-regulating (economic) systems.

Platforms

Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa
Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa
© Teun Vonk
High petrol prices make transport expensive. As a result trucks are overloaded and regularly capsize
High petrol prices make transport expensive. As a result trucks are overloaded and regularly capsize
© Teun Vonk
Iron is expensive in Suame Magazine. Not a silver is wasted.
Iron is expensive in Suame Magazine. Not a silver is wasted.
© Bram Esser
The blast furnace melts left-over scrapes to create new products.
The blast furnace melts left-over scrapes to create new products.
© Teun Vonk
Overview of supplier shops in Suame Magazine.
Overview of supplier shops in Suame Magazine.
© Melle Smets
A typical shop in Suame Magazine. This saleswoman can tell in which year a brake-cable was produced and for which model.
A typical shop in Suame Magazine. This saleswoman can tell in which year a brake-cable was produced and for which model.
© Teun Vonk
The 1:1 wooden test model of Turtle 1.
The 1:1 wooden test model of Turtle 1.
© Teun Vonk
Dr Waco is preparing the engine for the first test drive.
Dr Waco is preparing the engine for the first test drive.
© Teun Vonk
Masters of the Turtle team share ideas for the placement of the steering wheel.
Masters of the Turtle team share ideas for the placement of the steering wheel.
© Melle Smets
A welder working on one of the Turtle's doors.
A welder working on one of the Turtle's doors.
© Melle Smets
Turtle 1 receives its first coat of paint.
Turtle 1 receives its first coat of paint.
© Melle Smets
Turtle 1 driving through the Ghanaian landschap.
Turtle 1 driving through the Ghanaian landschap.
© Teun Vonk
King Otumfuo Osei Tutu II officially inaugurates Turtle 1
King Otumfuo Osei Tutu II officially inaugurates Turtle 1
© Teun Vonk
King Otumfuo Osei Tutu II officially inaugurates Turtle 1
King Otumfuo Osei Tutu II officially inaugurates Turtle 1
© Teun Vonk
The Turtle's gear stick, made by Daniel Ekow.
The Turtle's gear stick, made by Daniel Ekow.
© Teun Vonk
Turtle 1 at 'Autophoto', Fondation Cartier Paris, 2017.
Turtle 1 at 'Autophoto', Fondation Cartier Paris, 2017.
Turtle 1 at 'Autophoto', Fondation Cartier Paris, 2017.
Turtle 1 at 'Autophoto', Fondation Cartier Paris, 2017.
Turtle 1 at 'Autophoto', Fondation Cartier Paris, 2017.
Turtle 1 at 'Autophoto', Fondation Cartier Paris, 2017.
Exhibition sketch of Turtle 1 Showroom
Exhibition sketch of Turtle 1 Showroom
© TomDavid Architects
Exhibition sketch of Turtle 1 Showroom
Exhibition sketch of Turtle 1 Showroom
© TomDavid Architects
Exhibition sketch of Turtle 1 Showroom
Exhibition sketch of Turtle 1 Showroom
© TomDavid Architects
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Media-wall, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Media-wall, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Opening Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Opening Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Map of Suame Magazine
Map of Suame Magazine
© Melle Smets
Detail of map Suame Magazine
Detail of map Suame Magazine
© Melle Smets
Detail of map Suame Magazine
Detail of map Suame Magazine
© Melle Smets
Opening Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Opening Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Free Turte 1 Poster, Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Free Turte 1 Poster, Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016
Preview Exhibition, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016

Exhibition

Turtle 1 – building a car in Africa could be seen as a preview exhibition at Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, where the project was shown for 6 months as part of the group manifestation Project Rotterdam. While the media had extensively covered the building process, the full story with its final conclusions has never been shown before. The dream between the initiators and local partners in Suame Magazine has come to an end, yet what did we learn? Which lessons can we use in the future? Is it possible to produce informal car factories alike? What are the pitfalls?

From 20 April until 30 October Turtle 1 will be on show again. The first African car made from scratch is part of the group show AutoPhoto at Fondation Cartier (Paris) from 20 April – 31 October, an exhibition dedicated to photography’s relationship to the automobile. The story of the Turtle is translated to a dense presentation, including photos of the shopmakers and videos of the challenging construction.

Paradox is currently preparing a larger travelling exhibition. The hosting venues will be transformed into the Turtle Lab: a research institute, educational centre, production space and showroom all-in-one! Here, the customer stands on the front line: he can chose his car by being in direct contact with the building team who assemble and design the vehicle in merely a few weeks. Where large car manufacturers hide their trade secrets and keep all brainstorm sessions behind closed doors, the visitors of the Turtle Lab will receive insight into the functioning of a large, informal factory. They learn about the origins of the first prototype and, at the same time, become part of the growing network that can make use of the research made by Smets and Van Onna, as there are numerous industrial clusters to which their concept could be applied.

 

Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Pages from the book Turtle 1 - building a car in Africa. Design: Ko Sliggers
Scan the QR code to view video's with your smartphone.
Scan the QR code to view video's with your smartphone.
The book contains a pull-out map of Suame Magazine. Illustration: Melle Smets. Design: Ko
The book contains a pull-out map of Suame Magazine. Illustration: Melle Smets. Design: Ko
Detail of pull-out map of Suame Magazine. Illustration: Melle Smets.
Detail of pull-out map of Suame Magazine. Illustration: Melle Smets.
Detail of pull-out map of Suame Magazine. Illustration: Melle Smets.
Detail of pull-out map of Suame Magazine. Illustration: Melle Smets.
Turtle 1 book launch at Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam
Turtle 1 book launch at Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam
© Aad Hoogendoorn
Photographer and Volkskrant columnist Hans Aarsman introduced the book to the audience.
Photographer and Volkskrant columnist Hans Aarsman introduced the book to the audience.
Melle Smets gives the first copy of Turlt 1 to Mvr. Doris A.D. Brese, minister of the Embassy of Ghana
Melle Smets gives the first copy of Turlt 1 to Mvr. Doris A.D. Brese, minister of the Embassy of Ghana
Turtle 1 book launch at Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam
Turtle 1 book launch at Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam

Book

Five years after Smets and Van Onna set foot on Ghanaian soil, it is time to reflect on what has been achieved. The book Turtle 1 – building a car in Africa takes the reader on an fascinating journey through the authors’ experiences as naïve outsiders – with no know- ledge of cars – who wanted to find out how an informal economy works.

Designed by Ko Sliggers – known for his award-winning cookbook about Sicilian cuisine Koken Tussen Vulkanen, the book is from start to finish filled with humorous and insightful images and video’s. Warna Oosterbaan, author of various titles such as Motorziel: kleine sociologie van een machine (2010) leaves no question unanswered in his thoughtful interview.

To fully understand the functioning of the Suame Magazine, a hand drawn map by Melle Smets is part of the book. The pull out drawing can be found at the back of the publication. Unique for a book is the inclusion of videos that can be called up on numerous pages by scanning the QR codes.

Turtle 1 is published by Paradox and Verlag Kettler.

Buy
  • Title: Turtle 1 – Building a car in Africa
    Authors: Melle Smets & Joost van Onna
    Photography: Teun Vonk
    Text: Melle Smets, Joost van Onna, Warna Oosterbaan
    Design: Ko Sliggers
    Language: English
    Publisher: Paradox, Verlag Kettler
    Measurements: 17 x 23.5 cm
    Pages: 288
    ISBN: 978-90-818876-6-3
    Copies: 1700
    Price: €29,50

News

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Events

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In the media

  • Turtle 1 in Dutch television show Pauw & Witteman

    Pauw & Witteman Read more »
  • Vakmanschap uit Ghana

    Thijs van den Boomen, NRC, 25 September 2013 Read more »
  • Caspar Naber, AD, 25 September 2013

    Van sloopkar tot droomauto

    Download »
    Download

  • Cars and photography, a parallel history

    Jean-Baptist Gauvin, L'oeil de la photographie, 27 April 2017 Read more »

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